10 Sustainable sources of energy are crucial today. Where the consumption was initially (in Stone Age) around 3 kWh per day per person and was mostly used for nourishment it has reached 219 kWh per day per person. As per a study done in 2019, with aย worldย population of about 7.7 billion, we now have aย worldย average consumption of primary energy of 58 kWhย per day perย person where USA is at 219 kWh, Germany at 119 kWh, China at 75 kWh and India at 58 kWh per day per person.
The growing population has increased the total energy consumption whereas rate of consumption per person per day has also increased drastically.ย
What is Sustainable Energy?
Sustainable energyย is a form ofย energyย that can be utilized with minimum adverse impact on environment and can be generated for the repeated us without affecting natural resources. As per Wikipedia the definitions of sustainable energy typically include environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, and social and economic aspects such as energy poverty.
Why do we Need Sustainable Energy?
Conventionally, energy production happens utilizing the reserved natural resources. With the increasing population, urbanization and industrialization use of energy has rapidly increased. One side meeting the demand of energy is a big challenge; the other side natural resources are getting exhausted with high utilization. Another major concern with conventional energy source is pollution and ecological imbalance. Using more renewableย energyย can lower the prices of and demand for natural gas and coal by increasing competition and diversifying ourย energyย supplies.
1. Solar Energy
Solarย power isย energyย from theย sunย that is converted into thermal or electricalย energy.ย Solarย technologies can harness thisย energyย for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use.
The most common types of solar energy:
- Photovoltaic systems – One of the most common ways to use solar power is to useย photovoltaic systems or as they are also knownย solar cell systems, which produce electricity directly from sunlight. The semiconductor materials used in these solar energy systems absorb sunlight which creates a reaction that generates electricity โ to be exact,ย the solar energy knocks the electrons loose from their atoms which make them flow through the semiconductor material and produce energy.
- Thin film solar cells โ Thin film solar cells uses layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometres thick. Some of the advantages of thin film solar cells include low material consumption, shorter energy payback period, large area modules, monolithic integration, tuneable material properties, low-temperature processes, and transparent modules. Due to lightweight and thin material this is used in rooftop shingles, roof tiles, building facades, or the glazing for skylights or atria.
- Solar water heating systems โ As the name suggests involves the heating up of water using the sunโs heat. The idea behind this comes straight from nature: the shallow water of a lake or the water on the shallow end of a beach is usually warmer compared to deeper water.ย
- Solar power plants โ The most common collector is called a flat-plate collector which is mounted on the roof and faces the sun. Small tubes run through the box and carry the fluid โ either water or other fluid, such as an antifreeze solution โ to be heated. As heat builds up in the collector, it heats the fluid passing through the tubes. The storage tank then holds the hot liquid.
2. Windmill Energy
Windย turbines use blades to collect theย wind’sย kineticย energy.ย Windย flows over the blades creating lift (similar to the effect on airplane wings), which causes the blades toย turn. The blades are connected to a drive shaft thatย turnsย an electric generator, which produces (generates)ย electricity.
Theย bestย places forย wind farmsย are in coastal areas, at the tops of rounded hills, open plains and gaps in mountains – places where theย windย is strong and reliable.
3. Hydropower
Hydropowerย plants capture theย energyย of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kineticย energyย of falling water into mechanicalย energy. Then a generator converts the mechanicalย energyย from the turbine into electricalย energy.
Becauseย hydropowerย plants can generate power to the grid immediately, they provide essential back-up power during major electricity outages or disruptions. In addition to a sustainable fuel source,ย hydropowerย efforts produce a number of benefits, such as flood control, irrigation, and water supply.
4. Biomass Energy
Biomass energyย isย energyย generated or produced by living or once-living organisms.ย Biomassย is organic, meaning it is made of material that comes from living organisms, such as plants and animals. The most commonย biomassย materials used forย energyย are plants, wood, and waste.
The organic materials used to produce biomass are infinite, since our society consistently produces waste such as garbage, wood and manure. Not only is there is a limited supply of fossil fuels, but fossil fuels come with environmental baggage, including the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the pollutants that result from removal, transportation and production.
By burning solid waste, the amount of garbage dumped in landfills is reduced by 60 to 90 percent, and reduces the cost of landfill disposal and amount of land required for landfill.
5. Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energyย is a type of renewableย energyย taken from the Earth’s core. It comes from heat generated during the original formation of the planet and the radioactive decay of materials. This thermalย energyย is stored in rocks and fluids in the centre of the earth.
Geothermal energyย can beย usedย in heating and cooling buildings throughย geothermalย heat pumps, generating electricity throughย geothermalย power plants, and heating structures through direct-use.
The main concern with this technology as per National Geographic, Geothermalย plants can release small amounts of greenhouse gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Water that flows through underground reservoirs can pick up trace amounts of toxic elements such as arsenic, mercury, and selenium.
6. Marine Energy
Marine technologiesย are devices immersed in the earth’s ocean capturing theย energyย from waves, tides and the heat stored in the water. They offer huge potential, as the resource is largely untapped so far. This is a relatively young branch ofย renewables.
Unlike other forms ofย renewable energy,ย wave energyย is predictable and itโs easy to estimate the amount of energy that will be produced. Instead of relying on varying factors, such as sun and wind, wave energy is much more consistent.
This type of renewable energy is also abundant, the most populated cities tend to be near oceans and harbors, making it easier to harness this energy for the local population.ย
7. Ethanol Based Flex Enginesย
This is another form of Biomass where the ethanol-based โflex enginesโ produces required energy using local farm produce and not fossil fuels. ย
The current Indian government has allowed to use Ethanol based Flex Engines to be in race after US, Canada, and Brazil. The government targets the usage to reach 20% by 2025 from the existing 7.5%.
A switch to locally-produced ethanol will be helpful for a country like India which relies majorly on crude oil imports for powering the transport sector. Also, it will be less polluting and cost-saving as it can be up to 40% cheaper than the petrol price in India.
8. Waste to Energy
Methane is a greenhouse gas which is mostly emitted from decomposing waste in U. S. landfills.ย It has more than 20 times the potency of carbon dioxide and is ranked as a dangerous contributor to climate change.ย Waste to energy facilities avoid the production of methane while producing almost ten times more electricity from each ton of waste compared to landfills.ย And, waste to energy facilities are the only solid waste disposal option with state-of-the-art air pollution control technology.
9. Rechargeable Battery
Machines, electronics, vehicles etc rechargeable products can be used over and over, fewer batteries need to be manufactured (and transported) than with single use varieties. In fact, rechargeableย batteries consume up toย 23 timesย less non-renewableย natural resourcesย than disposable batteries.
Most people donโt realize the extent of single use batteriesโ environmental impacts. Heavy metals, corrosive materials, and other nasty chemicals combined with (all-too-common) improper disposal spells bad news for the environment. But rechargeables have 28 times less impact on global warming, 30 times less impact on air pollution, 9 times less impact on air acidification, and 12 times less impact on water pollution! Check outย this studyย for more details about environmental impacts and savings. These are main features of rechargeable batteries that makes it sustainable energy.
10. Energy from Pedaling Bicycles
By pedalingย mechanical energy can be converted toย electricalย energy by using either dynamo or alternator. This may not be big source of energy to be feasible for bigger electric consumption or industrial use. However, small powered lighting devices can be charged using dynamo and can be used in the night by students for study purposes. This principle can be extended toย powerย mobiles, iPods, laptops etc.
When an individual pedals the bike, the action drives a flywheel, which turns a generator and charges a battery. This means from just one hour of pedaling, a rural household can be supplied with energy for 24 hours.
The biggest advantage as self explanatory is people doing workout on bicycle can get free energy basic uses at home. So, isnโt it a great idea people cycling for health as well as electric energy for their domestic uses?
The purpose of this article was to make people aware of sustainability and be responsible towards our natural resources and environment. Hopefully above 10 sustainable sources of energy may be helpful for you to shift to 100% sustainable energy. Please do let us know if you know about any other sustainable source of energy. We would love to see your remarks in the below comment section.
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